Chapter 11 Conclusions

Make sure you have rWSBIM1207 version >= 0.1.16 and load the 2022 Belgian road accidents statistics and the associated metadata, describing the variables. The path to the former as an rds file is available with road_accidents_be_2022.rds(). The road_accidents_be_meta.csv() returns the path to the metadata csv file.

The data provides the Number of killed, seriously injured, slightly injured and uninjured victims of road accidents, by age group, type of user, sex and various characteristics of the accident in Belgium in 20222.

• Using the appropriate functions, load both files into R and familiarise yourself with the data.

• Visualise the numbers for men and women over the hours of the day for all age classes. Ignore any unknown information. Do you see a difference between man and women?

• Visualise the number of victims in the different provinces. Do this comparison for the different type of victims. Ignore any unknown information. Use lines and points for this visualisation.

• Come up with additional visualisations that you could produce with these data. Use bar plots for this visualisation.

For this exercise, make sure you have rWSBIM1207 version >= 0.1.17. Using the population_be.csv() function, get the path to 35 files with the population numbers across multiple regions of Belgium up to 2023.

Tip: given that all files contain equivalent data (i.e. for the same variables), you can use read_csv() to load all files as once into a long table.

• How many regions have been survey over the years?

• What differences are there in terms of region?

Focusing on Belgium and the Brussels, Walloon and Flemish regions, and from 1991 on, generate one figure (possibly with multiple facets) that allows to answer the following questions:

• Has the population increased since 1991?

• Are there more women or men living in these regions? Have this changed since 1991?

• Have the changes in population been driven by men, women or both equally?

• What region has the biggest (lowest) population?

Here, we are going to examining the evolution of bankruptcies in different region in Belgium between 2005 and 2023. The original data are available on the Belgian office for statistics, statbel, webpage.

Two files are needed:

• The fill dataset, TF_BANKRUPTCIES.zip, contains over 175000 records and is relatively large. Instead, you can use TF_BANKRUPTCIES_subset.txt that contains just over 10000 records, and made available through the rWSBIM1207 package (see below).

• The Method_BANKRUPTCIES.xlsx file describes the variables in the bankruptcies dataset. It can be either downloaded from the statbel page, or read from the rWSBIM1207 package (see below). Note that you are not asked to load the xlsx file in R (although you can with readxl::read_xlsx()); feel free to open it with your favourite spreadsheet programme.

You will see that there are some minor discrepancies between the metadata file and the data variables, such as the CD_WEEK variable, that is documented in the metadata file, but absent from the actual data. The other, non-documented, time-related variables are self-explanatory.

The (compressed) TF_BANKRUPTCIES_subset.txt and Method_BANKRUPTCIES.xlsx are available in the rWSBIM1207 package (version >= 0.1.19). Their paths is available with the faillites_be() function.

You are asked to:

• Visualise the number of bankruptcies over time in the different regions. Make sure to remove observations that don’t have any region. Note that the dates are recorded in a different format as what we have seen so far, but the usual conversion functions still apply.

• The improve the readability of these busy plots, computer the number of bankruptcies per year and repeat the above visualisation.

• We expect that bankruptcies of large companies will lead to more (full-time) unemployment. Check this hypothesis by (1) compute and display a table of average job losses by company size, and (2) produce a figure that uses the distribution of job losses (as opposed as only the averages). To facilitate the interpretation, order the companies by their size, in the table and figure.

This question was contributed by Mr William Vanloo in August 2024.

We will explore the road accidents that occurred in Belgium in 2023, as available from the Statbel website: the .txt file contains the dataset and the .xlsx file contains the metadata describing the different variables.

• Among this data set, visualise the number of accidents occurring in different light conditions by severity of injury in the province of Liège over time. Be sure to remove the ‘not available’ data.

• Visualise the number of accidents in the different provinces during the month of January according to the different light conditions and only for fatal accidents.